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Soil colour has long been linked to the work a land suits: red soil for the Kshatriya (hard-working people), yellow for the Brahmin, black for the Shudra and white for the Vaishya. Today a whole town often shares one soil type due to its geology, so colour is read together with texture, smell and taste.
The five soil samples are examined under a lens: golden or copper-like particles show a prosperous and healthy land, while sindoor-red, mica, glass-like or black particles warn of lost reputation, fire, disease or accidents.
Soil samples from all eight directions are mixed, smelt and brought near the tongue: a smell of flowers, ghee or honey and a sweet or astringent taste are auspicious, while a smell of excreta or liquor and a bitter taste are not.
When Rahu is exalted or swagrahi, a solid elephant statue or painting with its trunk raised in the South-West brings stability, success and dominance.
The South belongs to Yama, the god of justice and messenger of death, who rides a buffalo and holds a danda (rod). Its planet is Mars (Mangal) and its stone is moonga (coral); it is the zone of complete relaxation and sleep and rules the world of departed ancestors.
For a main door on a wrong South pada, hang a toran of stones or gems, a toran of copper and wood, or a red triangular swastik bandhanwar put up on a Saturday or Tuesday.
In the South only S4 (Grihakshat) gives happiness, peace, prosperity and business profit. S2, S3, S5, S6, S7 (the debt door) and S8 bring lack of children, servitude, suffering, selfishness, debt and disease.
If the door is in the South, a special South remedy swastik is drawn on both sides of the door and above it.
South belongs to Yam Maharaj, who gives rest, relaxation, name and fame; it is the ideal location for the bedroom. The South must be raised, closed and heavy so that the fierce fire energy arriving there is blocked.
Magnetic field lines run from North to South, so the magnetic effect is strongest and most stabilising in the South, which makes it the zone for rest and sleep. Deep sleep makes the day go well, earns respect and increases name and work.
The South-East, 45 degrees beyond the East, is ruled by Agni, the hidden fire energy present in every living being. Its planet is Venus (Shukra) and it gives fame and cash flow, so the South-East of a householder's home must never be cut.
SE is pure Agneya: from 9 am to 12 noon the young Sun's fire is strong enough to cook food, so this is the ideal kitchen zone and the zone of cash flow. Water, mirrors and money storage go wrong here.
From 9 am to 12 noon the sun, in full youth, is in the South-East, with rays rich in vitamins (B12 and D) that make thinking positive, especially for women, and balance blood circulation. This is the fire and cash liquidity zone and the right place for the kitchen, with the cook facing East.
In SSE the Sun's fire moves toward its old stage and fills the place with power, confidence and energy. Everything allowed in the SE is allowed here, but no pits may be dug from this zone onward.
In the South-South-East the sun gives energy that raises power, confidence, will power and every kind of inner strength; the balance of magnetic anomaly and gravitational force here steadies the mind and boosts confidence.
In SSW the Sun's energy is burnt out and its composition destroyed, so this is the zone of expenditure and wastage, where waste activities belong. It is the main zone for a toilet, dustbin and storage of useless goods.
In the South-South-West the scorching sun destroys vitamins and minerals, and the gravitational force, balanced in the South, becomes imbalanced 22.5 degrees further, so the energy here is poor. This zone is used for the dustbin, garbage and toilet.
The South-West is ruled by Nairitya, with Rahu-Ketu as its planets and gomed (hessonite) as its stone. Balanced, uncut and right-angled, it gives prosperity, stability and skill, and it must be the highest part of the property in both ground level and building height, which is why a dhwaj (flag) is raised there.
From about 4 to 4:30 pm the Sun reaches SW and the energy begins to cool and stabilise the mind; it strengthens relationships and skills, motivates hard work and gives stability to every work. It suits bedroom, drawing room, tijori and heavy items, subject to Rahu-Ketu checks.
The South-West receives the energy of the North-East directly across 180 degrees, delivered to Pitra devta; it gives stability and awakens inner capacities, which brings business growth, success in work and success in education.
The space element is circular or shapeless, black, located at the Brahmasthan (centre), and light, vibrating and sound-carrying by nature, linked to hearing. Open-to-sky and vacant spaces represent it; balanced it gives clarity of mind and decisions, imbalanced it brings confusion and obstacles.
The space element sits at the centre, the Brahmasthan; its shape is shapeless or round, its colour black or colourless, and any vacant, open-to-sky area represents it.
A special earth element mandna with a swastik is used in industries and homes where there is no stability at all; it is placed in the South-West, SSW or WSW and may go up to the West.
The taste of the earth element is sweet, so where the people of a house speak sweetly the earth element is balanced, and where people in a home, factory or business speak bitterly it is disturbed.
A square plot with equal length and width is the best of all. In a rectangle, a longer North-South axis makes a Chandra bhedi plot that suits homes, while a longer East-West axis suits temples but brings some unrest to a home.
An earth element mandna of one square drawn inside another is made in the West when orders are not coming, clients are not impressed or something is unstable; the names of what must be stabilised are written inside it.
Stairs represent Mercury (Budh), the planet that lifts people up and gives success in business; they join underground energy with cosmic energy. Wrongly placed stairs stall business, obstruct children's education and spoil relations with sisters, daughters and paternal aunts.
Stairs must turn clockwise, have an odd number of risers, include landings and equal risers, arrive facing North or East, and have nothing harmful built beneath them.
Use wood for stairs in NNE, ENE and East; green Kota stone, pink marble, Lakha granite or vitrified glass tiles in ESE, SE and South; yellow or Dholpur stone in SSW and SW; and white stone or vitrified tiles in the West.
Stairs are excellent in SSW (the heavier the better) and good to very good in South, SW, WSW, West, WNW and NW; they must never be in the NE zone, the Brahmasthan, the North or right in front of the main door.